Type 1 and type 2 diabetes: What is the difference?

Diabetes is a prevalent and complex medical condition that affects millions of individuals worldwide. In the United Kingdom, it is estimated that over 4 million people live with diabetes, making it a significant health concern. In this blog post, we will delve into the intricacies of diabetes, exploring the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, while also shedding light on other less common forms, including diabetes associated with diseases of the pancreas.

Type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Insulin is a hormone crucial for regulating blood sugar levels. Without sufficient insulin, glucose cannot enter cells, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. Type 1 diabetes is often diagnosed in childhood or adolescence, and individuals with this form of diabetes require lifelong insulin therapy to manage their condition.

Type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is more common and typically develops in adulthood. Unlike Type 1, Type 2 diabetes is characterised by insulin resistance, where the body’s cells do not respond effectively to insulin. This results in an inadequate amount of glucose entering the cells, causing elevated blood sugar levels. Lifestyle factors such as poor diet, lack of physical activity, and obesity are often associated with the development of Type 2 diabetes. Management of Type 2 diabetes may involve lifestyle changes, oral medications, and, in some cases, insulin therapy.

Type 3c diabetes

Type 3c diabetes, also known as pancreatogenic diabetes, is a form of diabetes that is associated with diseases of the pancreas, including pancreatic cancer. In this case, diabetes develops as a result of damage to the pancreas, hindering its ability to produce insulin. Pancreatic cancer and other conditions affecting the pancreas can lead to the destruction of insulin-producing cells, causing disruptions in blood sugar regulation and resulting in diabetes.

Diabetes is a multifaceted condition with various forms, each demanding a unique approach to management. Understanding the distinctions between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes is crucial for effective care and support. Additionally, recognising less common types, such as Type 3c diabetes, highlights the diverse nature of this health challenge. By staying informed and promoting awareness, we can work towards better diabetes prevention, management, and ultimately, improved overall health.