Beyond blood sugar: Managing the hidden health risks of diabetes

Living with diabetes, especially Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), involves more than just keeping an eye on blood sugar levels. While managing glucose is crucial, other health conditions often accompany diabetes, sometimes lurking quietly until they cause real trouble. It’s essential for people with diabetes to be aware of these potential issues and know how to tackle them head-on.

High blood pressure: The silent threat

High blood pressure (hypertension) is a common companion of diabetes, particularly in those with T1D. The connection between diabetes and hypertension is strong, and unfortunately, the combination increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage.

One reason for this association is that high blood sugar can damage the blood vessels over time, making them less elastic and leading to increased pressure. Additionally, the kidneys, which are already working hard to filter out excess glucose, can become overburdened, leading to further increases in blood pressure.

How to keep it in check:

• Regular monitoring: Regular blood pressure checks are essential. Many people with diabetes check their blood sugar daily but forget about blood pressure. Home monitors can help you keep track between GP visits.
• Dietary changes: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and low in salt, can help manage blood pressure. The DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) is often recommended for this purpose.
• Physical activity: Regular exercise, even something as simple as walking, can significantly lower blood pressure. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity a week.
• Medications: Sometimes, lifestyle changes aren’t enough, and medication might be necessary. It’s important to work closely with your GP to find a treatment plan that suits you.

Neuropathy: When nerves are affected

Diabetes can also affect the nerves, leading to a condition known as neuropathy. This often starts as a tingling or numbness in the hands and feet but can progress to cause significant pain or loss of sensation. Neuropathy is particularly concerning because it can lead to injuries going unnoticed, potentially leading to infections and ulcers.

How to manage neuropathy:

• Blood sugar control: Keeping blood sugar levels within your target range is the best way to prevent neuropathy or slow its progression.
• Foot care: Regular foot exams are crucial. Check your feet daily for cuts, blisters, or signs of infection. Wearing comfortable, well-fitting shoes can help prevent injuries.
• Pain management: If neuropathy becomes painful, your GP may recommend medications to help manage the pain. Some people also find relief through physical therapy or acupuncture.

Cardiovascular disease: A major concern

People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease, including heart attacks and strokes. This risk is due in part to the combination of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and high blood sugar.

How to protect your heart:

• Healthy eating: Focus on a diet that’s low in saturated fats and refined sugars. Instead, load up on heart-healthy foods like nuts, fatty fish, and oats.
• Exercise: Regular physical activity helps strengthen the heart and improve circulation. Aerobic exercises like cycling, swimming, or brisk walking are particularly beneficial.
• Quit smoking: If you smoke, quitting is one of the best things you can do for your heart and overall health. Smoking narrows blood vessels, increasing the risk of heart disease.

Retinopathy: Protecting your vision

Diabetic retinopathy is a condition where high blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels in the retina, potentially leading to blindness. It’s one of the leading causes of vision loss in people with diabetes, but it’s also preventable.

Tips to safeguard your eyes:

• Regular eye exams: Have your eyes checked by an optometrist at least once a year. Early detection of retinopathy can help prevent severe vision loss.
• Blood sugar control: Once again, managing your blood sugar levels is key. Consistently high levels can cause damage to the blood vessels in the eyes.
• Manage blood pressure and cholesterol: Keeping both blood pressure and cholesterol in check will also help protect your eyes.

Mental health: Don’t forget your mind

Living with diabetes can be stressful, leading to mental health issues like anxiety and depression. This stress can make managing diabetes more challenging, creating a vicious cycle.

Caring for your mental health:

• Talk about it: Don’t hesitate to speak with a healthcare professional about your mental health. Therapy or counselling can provide support and strategies for managing stress.
• Mindfulness and relaxation: Practices like mindfulness, meditation, and yoga can help reduce stress and improve your overall well-being.
• Stay connected: Maintaining social connections and engaging in hobbies can provide emotional support and reduce feelings of isolation.

Conclusion: Taking a holistic approach

Diabetes is a complex condition that requires a comprehensive approach to care. By being aware of the various conditions that can accompany diabetes, from high blood pressure to mental health challenges, and taking steps to manage them, you can significantly improve your quality of life. Don’t forget that it’s not just about managing blood sugar—it’s about taking care of your whole self.